


Bill is an innovative thinker and practitioner in leadership, organization, and social development. He has earned his PhD from the Wharton Graduate School of Business. He has been credited for solving some very complex problems for the World Bank. His work led to the development of his AIC Theory: Appreciation, Influence, and Control, which is a model of power and systems, based on the three dimensions of Appreciation, Influence, and Control:
Appreciation (of the whole): This dimension focuses on a group’s exploration of the ideals and inspirations that guide their work, encouraging a holistic, purpose-driven perspective.
Influence (among stakeholders): This centers on the dynamics and relationships among actors—recognizing how values are negotiated and shaped within a system.
Control (of production): This relates to the concrete structures and goals that emerge when the system is enacted—essentially how outcomes are managed and achieved.
Smith emphasizes the simplicity and efficacy of the methodology: by developing a personal understanding of each of the three elements—Appreciation, Influence, and Control—and dedicating equal attention to each, the framework becomes a powerful tool for navigating systemic dynamics Bill has been, over the years, one of the most active ISSS Members. He participates regularly in the Mini Symposia, writes in the ISSS Newsletter, and served in various positions of the Board, such as Vice President of Practice. He has also served as the Chair of the Special Integration Group SIG: Systemic Innovation, Engagement, and Leadership within ISSS, taking over leadership from Alexander Laszlo in August 2020. In this role, he has guided the SIG’s efforts to integrate theory and practice in systemic innovation, engagement, and leadership development.
niversity of Leeds (1999), and a PhD in Management Systems from the University of Hull (2007). Wilby’s early career included work in urban planning, database programming, and textbook publishing, followed by roles as a research assistant at Hull and Lincoln, and a research fellow at the University of York’s Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Within ISSS, she served as President from 2010 to 2011—presiding over the 2011 Hull conference—and holds the position of Vice President for Administration. She has also held leadership roles as honorary treasurer and executive board member of ARCISS and as a board member of the UK Systems Society. In recognition of her lifelong contributions to cybernetics, Wilby received the McCulloch Award from the American Society for Cybernetics in 2014. Her research interests include general systems theory, critical systems theory and practice, systemic methodological review, hierarchical organization theory, and the utilization of systems thinking in shaping international health policy.